Wu et al. use a feathered saturated mask to replace the light source.

This work studies machine learning for electron density prediction, which is fundamental for understanding chemical systems and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. To this end, we introduce the Gaussian plane-wave neural operator (GPWNO), which operates in the infinite-dimensional functional space using the plane-wave and Gaussian-type orbital bases, widely recognized in the context of DFT. In particular, both high- and low-frequency components of the density can be effectively represented due to the complementary nature of the two bases. Extensive experiments on QM9, MD, and material project datasets demonstrate GPWNO's superior performance over ten baselines.

This paper presents a novel algorithm for crack localisation and detection based on visual and tactile analysis via fibre-optics. A finger-shaped sensor based on fibre-optics is employed for the data acquisition to collect data for the analysis and the experiments. To detect the possible locations of cracks a camera is used to scan an environment while running an object detection algorithm. Once the crack is detected, a fully-connected graph is created from a skeletonised version of the crack. A minimum spanning tree is then employed for calculating the shortest path to explore the crack which is then used to develop the motion planner for the robotic manipulator. The motion planner divides the crack into multiple nodes which are then explored individually. Then, the manipulator starts the exploration and performs the tactile data classification to confirm if there is indeed a crack in that location or just a false positive from the vision algorithm. If a crack is detected, also the length, width, orientation and number of branches are calculated. This is repeated until all the nodes of the crack are explored. In order to validate the complete algorithm, various experiments are performed: comparison of exploration of cracks through full scan and motion planning algorithm, implementation of frequency-based features for crack classification and geometry analysis using a combination of vision and tactile data. From the results of the experiments, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is able to detect cracks and improve the results obtained from vision to correctly classify cracks and their geometry with minimal cost thanks to the motion planning algorithm.

Fourier Transformations are a powerful tool for understanding how Artificial Intelligence (AI) learns complex physics. By using Fourier transformations, researchers can gain insight into the inner workings of AI and its ability to learn from data. The Fourier transformation is a mathematical technique used to decompose signals into their component frequencies. It has been used in many areas of science, including signal processing, image analysis, and quantum mechanics. In recent years, it has also become an important tool for studying AI algorithms.

Finding extended hydrodynamics equations valid from the dense gas region to the rarefied gas region remains a great challenge. The key to success is to obtain accurate constitutive relations for stress and heat flux. Data-driven models offer a new phenomenological approach to learning constitutive relations from data. Such models enable complex constitutive relations that extend Newton's law of viscosity and Fourier's law of heat conduction by regression on higher derivatives. However, the choices of derivatives in these models are ad-hoc without a clear physical explanation. We investigated data-driven models theoretically on a linear system. We argue that these models are equivalent to non-linear length scale scaling laws of transport coefficients. The equivalence to scaling laws justified the physical plausibility and revealed the limitation of data-driven models. Our argument also points out that modeling the scaling law could avoid practical difficulties in data-driven models like derivative estimation and variable selection on noisy data. We further proposed a constitutive relation model based on scaling law and tested it on the calculation of Rayleigh scattering spectra. The result shows our data-driven model has a clear advantage over the Chapman-Enskog expansion and moment methods.

Generalizing the medical image segmentation algorithms tounseen domains is an important research topic for computer-aided diagnosis and surgery. Most existing methods requirea fully labeled dataset in each source domain. Although (Liuet al. 2021b) developed a semi-supervised domain general-ized method, it still requires the domain labels. This paperpresents a novel confidence-aware cross pseudo supervisionalgorithm for semi-supervised domain generalized medicalimage segmentation. The main goal is to enhance the pseudolabel quality for unlabeled images from unknown distribu-tions. To achieve it, we perform the Fourier transformationto learn low-level statistic information across domains andaugment the images to incorporate cross-domain information.With these augmentations as perturbations, we feed the inputto a confidence-aware cross pseudo supervision network tomeasure the variance of pseudo labels and regularize the net-work to learn with more confident pseudo labels. Our methodsets new records on public datasets,i.e., M&Ms and SCGM.Notably, without using domain labels, our method surpassesthe prior art that even uses domain labels by 11.67% on Diceon M&Ms dataset with 2% labeled data. Code will be avail-able after the conference.

The world has been shifting towards automation and behind every automation process, there is mathematics -Probability, Linear Algebra, Calculus, Statistics, Discrete Mathematics, etc. This is the basic question that comes into our mind and we just refer it to as something to do with graphs, sines, and cosines. But Fourier has more than that to offer us. To understand Fourier Series, let's first understand what is Periodic Function! Its importance comes later in the article.

An algorithm is an unambiguous rule of action to solve a problem or a class of problems. Algorithms consist of a finite number of well-defined individual steps. Thus, they can be implemented in a computer program for execution, but can also be formulated in human language. When solving a problem, a specific input is converted into a particular output. In the following, five algorithms are listed that have significantly influenced our world.

Time series data have always been of major interest to financial services, and now with the rise of real-time applications, other areas such as retail and programmatic advertising are turning their attention to time-series data driven applications. In the last couple of years, several key players in cloud services, such as Apache Kafka and Apache Spark, have released new products for processing time series data. It is therefore of great interest to understand the role and potentials of Machine Learning (ML) in this rising field. In this article, I discuss the (very) recent discoveries on Time Series Classification (TSC) with Deep Learning, by following a series of publications from the authors of [2]. TSC is the area of ML interested in learning how to assign labels to time series.

An algorithm is an unambiguous rule of action to solve a problem or a class of problems. Algorithms consist of a finite number of well-defined individual steps. Thus, they can be implemented in a computer program for execution, but can also be formulated in human language. When solving a problem, a specific input is converted into a particular output. In the following, five algorithms are listed that have significantly influenced our world.